12TH BATTLE OF THE ISONZO FREE

Other parts of the empire had declared independence, notably what later became Yugoslavia. As mentioned above, on 31 October Hungary officially left the personal union with Austria. There after the empire fell apart rapidly.' Marshall Cavendish Corporation: History of World War I. The battle marked the end of the First World War on the Italian front and secured the end of the Austro-Hungarian empire.'The Battle of Vittorio Veneto during October and November saw the Austro-Hungarian forces collapse in disarray. They were also obliged to allow the transit of the Entente armies, to reach Germany from the South.

12TH BATTLE OF THE ISONZO FREE

All German forces should be expelled from Austria-Hungary within 15 days or interned, and the Allies were to have free use of Austria-Hungary’s internal communications. Under the terms of the Austrian-Italian Armistice of Villa Giusti, Austria-Hungary’s forces were required to evacuate not only all territory occupied since August 1914 but also South Tirol, Tarvisio, the Isonzo Valley, Gorizia, Trieste, Istria, western Carniola, and Dalmatia. The occupation of all Tyrol, including Innsbruck, was completed in the following days. Italian troops continued their advance until 3 p.m. Split in two the Imperial army collapsed, starting a chaotic retiring, since October, 28. Even before the order to cease hostilities, the Imperial Army had already started to collapse, beginning a chaotic retreat. The proposal was sharply rejected by the Italian General Badoglio, who threatened to stop all negotiations and to continue the war. Following the signing of the armistice, Austrian General Weber informed his Italian counterparts that the Imperial army had already laid down its weapons, and asked to cease combat immediately and to stop any further Italian advance. The Austrian command ordered its troops to cease hostilities on 3 November. The armistice was signed on 3 November at 15:20, to become effective 24 hours later, at 15:00 on 4 November. On 30 October, the Austro-Hungarian army was split in two. On 29 October, the Austro-Hungarians asked for an armistice. The Italians suffered 37,461 casualties (dead and wounded), including 145 French and 374 Britons. The result was that Austria-Hungary lost about 30,000 casualties and between 400,000–500,000 prisoners (50,000 by 31 October 100,000 by 1 November 428,000 by 4 November). The 12th Italian army, commanded by French General Jean Graziani, continued to advance, supported on the right by the 8th Army. Trieste was taken by an amphibious expedition on 3 November.

Vittorio Veneto was seized the next day by the Eighth Italian Army, which was already pushing on to the Tagliamento river. On 28 October, under these new political and military conditions, the Austro-Hungarian high command ordered a general retreat. The next day the South Slavs proclaimed independence, and on 31 October Hungary withdrew from the union, officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian state.

On 28 October, Czechoslovakia declared independence from Austro-Hungary. After crossing the Piave River, the Eighth Italian Army, led by General Enrico Caviglia, took Vittorio ('Veneto' was added to the name only in 1923) and advanced in the direction of Trento, threatening to block the retreat of Austrian forces. Svetozar Boroević von Bojna, the Austro-Hungarian commander, ordered a counter-attack on the Italian bridgeheads on the same day, but his troops refused to obey orders, a problem confronting the Austrians from that time on, and the counter-attack failed. The Italian reserves were then brought up to exploit this bridgehead.

The flooding of the Piave prevented two of the three central armies from advancing simultaneously with the third but the latter, under the command of Earl Cavan, after seizing Papadopoli Island farther downstream, won a foothold on the left bank of the river on 27 October. A first attack in the Monte Grappa sector was launched to attract the Austrian reserves. On 24 October, the anniversary of the Battle of Caporetto, the offensive opened.

Most Italians see Vittorio Veneto as the final culmination of the Risorgimento nationalist movement, in which Italy was unified. The Italian victory marked the end of the war on the Italian Front, secured the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and contributed to the ending of the First World War less than two weeks later. Italiaoutdoors Custom Vacation Planner and GuideīATTLE OF VITTORIO VENETO | ITALY IN WW1 The Battle of Vittorio Veneto was fought from 24 October to 3 November 1918 near Vittorio Veneto during the Italian Front of World War I.

12th battle of the isonzo